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Toddler 'formulas' are unnecessary and lack nutritional benefits of milk, pediatrician group warns_我的网站

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A | 根据新加坡《2012年个人数据保护法》(PDPA)的最新修订版（2024年8月22日修订）显示，新加坡对于个人数据的保护提出了更为严格的要求。 Beverages marketed as toddler "formula" are unnecessary and some have questionable marketing practices, according to a new report from the American Academy of Pediatrics.In recent years, the popularity of these formulas — referred to as Older Infant and Young Child Formulas (OIYCFs) — has risen significantly, according to research published in the journal Public Health Nutrition. The study found sales went up by 158% between 2006 and 2015. However, experts say there are several concerns surrounding their usage."Many parents mistakenly believe that OIYCFs offer something more, something unique that cow milk together with a varied diet with fortified foods can't provide," Dr. George Fuchs, professor of pediatrics and epidemiology at the University of Kentucky and lead author on the new AAP report, told ABC News. "This misconception can be largely attributed to the advertising and branding of these products."The AAP recommends babies drink infant formula or breastmilk until they are 12 months old and then transition to cow's milk in addition to solid foods, which are typically introduced at about 6 months.Toddler "formula" is sometimes marketed as a "transitional" or "weaning" formula for infants who are 0 -12 months old, according to the new report. But unlike infant formula, which must meet certain FDA guidelines for nutritional content, there are no standard nutritional requirements for toddler "formula," the report says."Toddler formula is unnecessary for the vast majority of toddlers and its nutritional value is inferior to that of whole cow's milk, especially when accounting for the additional sugar content of toddler formula," Dr. Keyana Washington, a pediatrician with Gwinnett Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine in Georgia, who was not involved with the report, told ABC News.There are misconceptions about the drinks, according to Dr. Nagela Sainté-Thomas, a pediatric emergency medicine specialist from El Paso, Texas."One reason for their popularity is parents and caregivers believe these drinks provide nutrients similar to solid foods and if they have significant challenges integrating solids into their toddler's diet, they can easily utilize this 'nutritional' substitution," Sainté-Thomas, who was not involved in the AAP report, told ABC News.In 1986, The World Health Assembly had already identified special formulas for older infants as unnecessary. Many global health organizations -- including the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and UNICEF, in addition to WHO -- emphasize that a combination of breast milk, whole cow's milk, water, and appropriate solid foods is nutritionally sufficient for most toddlers.Toddler "formulas" are not necessarily dangerous or bad for children, the AAP said in its report. They can be part of a balanced diet for babies 12 months and older, but are not better than cow's milk, the report said.But some companies making OIYCFs imply that their products add an important part of a toddler diet, even though that's not the case, according to the new AAP report.OIYCFs often appear very similar to infant formulas, according to the AAP report, which may cause confusion among parents and caregivers. Some companies use similar names, colors, designs, and even slogans for their OIYCFs and infant formulas, the report found.The pediatricians ABC News spoke with say parents and caregivers should make sure toddlers have a varied diet that includes fruits, vegetables, whole grains, proteins, dairy, water, and either breast milk, infant formula, or whole cow's milk.Parents and caregivers should talk to their pediatricians about the role OIYCFs might play in their child's diet."The decision to deviate from the recommendation to give whole cow's milk starting at age 12 months is one that parents should make in consultation with their pediatrician," Washington said.Daniel A. Carnegie, MD, MPH, MBA is a preventive medicine resident at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and a member of the ABC News Medical Unit.。官方要求，今年9月30日之前在新加坡注册成立的组织有义务指派至少一名数据保护官（DPO），并且需要将DPO的联系方式公之于众，以便公众在必要时能够联系到相应的人员。这一举措旨在加强个人数据保护，确保数据主体的权益得到有效保障。DPO职责总览 新加坡个人数据保护委员会（PDPC）发布的指导方针明确了DPO的五项主要职责，以下是对这些职责的详细阐述：DPO需确保公司遵循《2012年个人数据保护法》(PDPA)的规定。

B | 这意味着DPO需要深入了解PDPA的各项条款，包括数据收集、使用、披露和存储等方面的规定，并确保公司在日常运营中严格遵守这些规定。DPO还需对公司员工进行数据保护培训，提高他们的数据保护意识。DPO负责推动公司内部建立数据保护的文化。这包括制定和实施数据保护政策，以及在企业文化中融入对个人隐私的尊重。通过这种方式，可以确保公司在处理个人数据时始终将数据保护放在首位。DPO需及时有效地处理与个人数据相关的查询和投诉。当数据主体对自己的个人信息提出查询或投诉时，DPO应迅速响应，查明情况并采取措施解决问题。这有助于维护公司信誉，降低潜在的法律风险。DPO负责管理和预警个人信息数据的风险。这包括定期进行数据保护风险评估，发现潜在的安全隐患，并制定相应的风险控制措施。通过这种方式，可以确保公司在面临数据泄露等风险时能够迅速应对。

C | DPO在必要时与PDPC进行沟通。当公司发生数据泄露等重大事件时，DPO需及时向PDPC报告，并协助调查。此外，DPO还需关注PDPC的最新动态，确保公司能够及时了解并遵守数据保护法规的变化。关于PDPA的其他注意事项 对于在新加坡设立分支机构的中国出海企业，PDPA中的跨境数据传输要求尤为重要。这些企业需要密切关注PDPA的规定，确保在将个人数据传输至海外时，接收数据的国家或地区能够提供与PDPA相当的数据保护水平。企业可以采取以下措施：与数据接收者签订数据处理协议，明确双方在数据保护方面的权利和义务；获得数据主体的明确同意，允许其个人数据传输至海外；对海外数据接收方进行尽职调查，确保其具备相应的数据保护能力。